Fotografia d'urbanisme: anàlisis de la imatge fotogràfica en la comunicació visual d'un espai urbà

Abstract

The image of the city is a collection of shapes and volumes in continuous evolution and transformation. Changes in the visual of the cities are appreciated on the long term, as it shape changes by the construction of new buildings and urban infrastructure. Techniques for graphic representation and visual communication of the city are also in continuous transformation, as science advances and technology that derives from it. Drawing graphic representation techniques improved with evolution on knowledge of geometric perspective and evolved with photography's birth. Throughout XX century, photography became the perfect graphic medium for representing urban areas, both to show the uniqueness of a formal space specifically to teach universal formal and loss of identity of most cities. The photographic image is immersed in recent years, in a major social, cultural and technological change. As we have developed devices and systems to capture a photographic image, the photographs bring more realism to the image and, therefore, better visual communication of a city. The fact of moving from a physical and chemical process to a physical and mathematical process to create a photographic image, allows us to create a quality and type of image that was unimaginable a few years ago. A particular feature of landscape photography are extension and size of the city as a photographic subject, which implies that the use of panoramic photography and visual tours with photographs provide a more complete, at least more representative, of the image of urban space. Another specific feature of landscape photography planning lies in the fact that the city and urban space are photographic subjects in constant evolution, which means that any photograph becomes historical photograph over time. Displays of old photographs, together with the view of the archaeological and architectural, are another way of understanding the past of the city. This thesis analyses landscape photography from the pedestrian's point of view, or from publicly accessible high points, and has analysed landscape photography's basic elements of visual communication that remain in the evolution of photochemical photography into digital photography and new elements bring by the emergence of digital photography in the visual communication of urban planning. Has been examined panoramic photography evolution to digital panoramic images from the fusion of multiple images and applications of these types of panoramic images to graphically represent the image of the city. Has been investigated other possibilities for old of urban planning photographs to explain the historical of the cities, to reformulate the concept of historical space from visual communication using historical photographs of urban spaces. The case analysis has not been taken as objectives a visual study of a particular city. Have been worked specific cases that can be extrapolated to other cities or urban spaces of any geographical area. Have been analysed aspects such concepts as previsualization, perspective or snapshot on panoramic photograph from the merge of photographs, and concept of what is real and what is not in the photograph.