Exploring the Multifaceted Powers of Solanum lycopersicum Heme-Binding Protein 2 (SlHBP2): A Dynamic Investigation into Antimicrobial, plant Immune-Boosting, and Anticancer Potential

Abstract

This research investigated the mechanisms of action of Solanum lycopersicum heme-binding protein (SlHBP2) against the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (Pst) and SlHBP2 potential for boosting plant defense and clinical applications. In vitro experiments demonstrated that SlHBP2, derived from tomato plants treated with the resistance inducer 1-Methyl tryptophan, exhibits potent antimicrobial effects against Pst, producing cell death by disruption of the cell wall. SlHBP2 is also effective against other plant microorganisms. Additionally, SlHBP2-treated tomato plants show reduced disease symptoms and bacterial population compared to controls when infected with Pst. Interestingly, SlHBP2 induces the production of 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid which triggers systemic resistance in plants. This OPDA-mediated response enhances resistance to Pst by activating antioxidant machinery, leading to decreased ROS production post-inoculation. Furthermore, SlHBP2 demonstrated effectiveness against clinical pathogens and significant anticancer effects, including apoptosis induction in breast cancer cells and autophagy triggering in colon cancer cells. These findings highlighted SlHBP2's multifaceted roles in enhancing plant defense and clinical applications.